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Definition of dialysis
Dialysis is a process in which the composition of blood-soluble substances with dialysis fluid changes through a semipermeable membrane. Water molecules and low molecular weight materials can pass through membrane pores, but high molecular weight materials such as proteins cannot. Dialysis is used to purify the blood of patients with kidney failure.
Overview of dialysis:
Dialysis in patients with acute renal failure begins when their nitrogen urea level reaches 200-150 mg / dL or when their creatinine clearance drops to less than 10 ml / min.
The set of signs and symptoms caused by the toxic effects of increased nitrogen and other wastes in the blood is called uremia syndrome. The mental state of these patients changes and eventually they become confused and eventually go into a coma. Uremia syndrome is predictable when creatinine clearance is less than 10 ml per minute per 1.73 m2.
In dialysis, the treatment method is chosen from hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis or slow continuous dialysis. Hemodialysis is the most common method used to treat kidney failure. Hemodialysis causes faster changes in the plasma level of soluble substances than other methods and faster removal of excess water accumulated in the body. Peritoneal dialysis is 8.1 times more efficient than dialysis in removing blood soluble substances and 1/4 in removing excess water from the body, but it can be used continuously for 24 hours. The advantage of continuous slow methods is the greater stability of the patient’s hemodynamic status and its disadvantage is the provision of special training to nurses and patients.
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